To enhance the security of travel to the United States under the Visa Waiver Program (VWP), additional requirements have been implemented. While nationals of VWP countries can still travel without a visa, they must obtain an approved travel authorization before departure.
The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) provide a secure online system where travelers or third parties can submit an ESTA application. After entering the required biographic, travel, and payment details, the system evaluates eligibility for travel under the VWP. Applicants receive an automated response, and airlines verify ESTA approval electronically before boarding.
Key Features of ESTA:
ESTA determines whether a traveler is eligible to enter the U.S. under the VWP and assesses any potential security risks.
Approved ESTA authorization allows travelers to board a VWP signatory carrier for the U.S.
CBP recommends applying for ESTA when booking travel, but no later than 72 hours before departure.
ESTA is not a visa and does not replace one when required. Those with valid U.S. visas do not need an ESTA.
Validity and Requirements:
ESTA became mandatory on January 12, 2009.
Approved applications remain valid for two years or until the passport expires, allowing multiple visits without reapplying.
Each stay must not exceed 90 days, and sufficient time should pass between visits to avoid suspicion of residency attempts.
Travelers with a passport expiring in less than two years will receive an ESTA valid until the passport’s expiration date.
When to Reapply for ESTA:
A new ESTA is required if:
You receive a new passport.
You change your name, sex, or nationality.
Your circumstances change (e.g., criminal conviction or medical conditions affecting eligibility).
Application Fee:
As of September 8, 2010, an ESTA fee applies:
Processing Fee: $4.00 USD.
Authorization Fee: $17.00 USD (only if approved).
Total Fee: $21.00 USD.
Third-party transaction fees are not covered by CBP.
Important Notes:
If your ESTA expires while you are in the U.S., it does not affect your departure.
Printing the ESTA confirmation is recommended for records, but it is not required at U.S. entry points since CBP officers have the information electronically.